Cutting & Soluble Oils (Metalworking Fluids) (H3)
Cutting fluids are broadly categorized into four main types: Straight Oils, Soluble Oils, Semi-Synthetics, and Synthetics. Straight and soluble oils differ primarily in their composition and balance of lubrication versus cooling properties. Metalworking fluids that enhance tool life and surface finish during machining operations. They provide excellent cooling, lubrication, and rust prevention properties. Suitable for use in CNC machines, lathes, and grinding operations across metal industries.
Types: (H4)
- Straight Oils: Heavy-duty, low-speed machining, tapping, broaching, gear cutting
- Soluble Oils: General machining, milling, drilling, turning, grinding, where both cooling and lubrication are important.
- Semi-Synthetics: A wide range of general-purpose operations, including high-speed machining and grinding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
- Synthetics: High-speed, demanding operations, especially grinding, where heat dissipation is the main challenge
Key Features: (H4)
- Cooling vs. Lubrication: Straight oils prioritize lubrication, while synthetic fluids prioritize cooling. Soluble and semi-synthetic oils offer a balance of both.
- Composition: The key difference lies in the presence and amount of mineral oil versus water and synthetic additives (emulsifiers, rust inhibitors, biocides, etc.).
- Application: Selection depends heavily on the machining operation (speed, material, severity), with straight oils for heavy tasks and synthetics for high-speed or grinding operations.
- Maintenance and Environment: Water-based fluids (soluble, semi-synthetic, synthetic) require more frequent monitoring of concentration and bacterial growth, but are generally cleaner and easier to dispose of than straight oils.
- Additives: All modern cutting fluids use various additives (Extreme Pressure (EP) agents, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, anti-foam agents) to enhance performance and stability.